Flat Feet (Pes Planus)

Causes of Flat Feet

Flat feet can be congenital (present at birth) or acquired over time. Common causes include:

• Genetics: Flat feet often run in families and may be present from childhood.
• Aging or Injury: Injuries to the foot or ankle, particularly to the tendons that support the arch, can lead to acquired flat feet.
• Obesity: Excess body weight can put additional strain on the arches, contributing to flat feet.
• Arthritis: Inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis can weaken the tendons, resulting in fallen arches.
• Biomechanical Factors: Overpronation (excessive inward rolling of the foot) can gradually flatten the arch over time.

Symptoms of Flat Feet

While some people with flat feet experience no symptoms, others may encounter:

• Pain or aching in the feet, particularly along the arch or in the heel
• Swelling along the inner side of the ankle
• Ankle instability or a tendency to roll the foot inward
• Difficulty standing on tiptoes or performing activities that put pressure on the arches
• Pain that radiates to the knees, hips, or lower back due to changes in body alignment

Individuals who participate in high-impact activities, such as running or jumping, may notice symptoms more acutely due to the additional strain placed on the feet.

Treatment and Management of Flat Feet

Treatment for flat feet varies depending on the severity of symptoms and the underlying cause. Conservative treatments are often effective in managing pain and improving function:

• Custom Orthotics: Custom-made shoe inserts can help support the arch, reduce pain, and improve foot alignment. These are particularly beneficial for athletes or individuals with severe flat feet.
• Supportive Footwear: Wearing shoes with good arch support and a firm heel counter can provide stability and alleviate discomfort.
• Physical Therapy and Strengthening Exercises: Exercises that strengthen the muscles of the feet and lower legs can enhance stability and support for the arch. Stretching the Achilles tendon and calf muscles can also relieve tension and improve alignment.
• Anti-Inflammatory Medications: Over-the-counter pain relievers or anti-inflammatory medications may help reduce pain and swelling, especially after physical activity.
• Activity Modification: Limiting high-impact activities or alternating them with low-impact exercises such as swimming or cycling can help reduce strain on the feet.

In severe cases, or when conservative treatments are ineffective, surgical intervention may be considered to correct structural issues in the foot.

Preventing Complications from Flat Feet

While flat feet may not always be preventable, managing symptoms and preventing complications is achievable through:

• Maintaining a Healthy Weight: Keeping body weight in a healthy range reduces pressure on the feet, alleviating strain on the arches.
• Wearing Appropriate Footwear: Properly fitted shoes with adequate arch support and cushioning can reduce discomfort and prevent worsening of symptoms.
• Incorporating Low-Impact Exercise: Low-impact activities can help build strength and flexibility in the feet and legs without placing excess strain on the arches.
• Performing Foot Exercises Regularly: Regularly engaging in foot-strengthening and stretching exercises can help support the arches and improve stability.

When to See a Podiatrist

If you experience ongoing pain, instability, or discomfort related to flat feet, it’s important to consult Team AFFC. Untreated flat feet can lead to issues with body alignment, increased joint stress, and chronic pain that may interfere with daily activities or sports. Allentown Family Foot Care can perform a thorough evaluation, including imaging if needed, to assess the structure and function of the foot and develop a personalized treatment plan.

Our office provides comprehensive care for flat feet, offering diagnostic services, custom orthotics, physical therapy programs, and footwear recommendations. We’re here to help you achieve optimal foot health, ensuring comfort and stability whether you’re navigating daily tasks or pursuing athletic goals.